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What is a PCB board?
A printed circuit board (PCB), also known as a printed wiring board (PWB), is a medium used to interconnect or "wire" components together in an electrical circuit. It takes the form of a laminated sandwich of conductive and insulating layers: each conductive layer is patterned with traces, planes, and other features (analogous to wires on a plane) that are etched from one or more sheets of copper laminated on and/or between layers of a non-conductive substrate.
A printed circuit board (PCB), also known as a printed wiring board (PWB), is a medium used to interconnect or "wire" components together in an electrical circuit. It takes the form of a layered sandwich structure of conductive and insulating layers: each conductive layer is patterned with traces, planes, and other features (analogous to wires on a plane) that are etched from one or more sheets of copper laminated onto and/or between layers of a non-conductive substrate. Electronic components can be attached to conductive pads on the outer layers, which are shaped to accept the component's terminals, typically via soldering to achieve both electrical connection and mechanical fixation. Another manufacturing process adds vias, which are plated-through holes, allowing interconnection between layers.
Printed circuit boards are used in almost all electronic products. Alternatives to PCBs include wire wrapping and point-to-point construction, both of which were once popular but are now rarely used. PCBs require additional design work to lay out the circuit, but manufacturing and assembly can be automated. Electronic design automation software can accomplish much of the layout work. Using PCBs to mass-produce circuits is cheaper and faster than other wiring methods because component placement and wiring are done in a single operation. Large quantities of PCBs can be manufactured simultaneously, with the layout only needing to be done once. PCBs can also be hand-produced in small quantities, but the efficiency is reduced.
PCBs can be single-sided (one layer of copper), double-sided (two layers of copper on both sides of a substrate layer), or multi-layer (outer and inner layers of copper alternating with substrate layers). Multi-layer PCBs allow for higher component density because otherwise the circuit traces on inner layers would occupy surface space between components. With the adoption of surface mount technology, multi-layer PCBs with more than two (especially four or more) copper layers have become increasingly popular. However, multi-layer PCBs make circuit repair, analysis, and in-field modification more difficult and often impractical.
The global market size for bare PCBs exceeded $60.2 billion in 2014 and is projected to reach $79 billion by 2024
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