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What are the materials and classifications of PCB circuit boards?
A PCB board is the basic material of a PCB, commonly known as a substrate. A copper-clad laminate (CCL) is a substrate made of wood pulp paper or glass fiber cloth as a reinforcing material, impregnated with resin, and bonded with single-sided or double-sided copper foil. Copper-clad laminates are basic materials in the electronics industry, mainly used in the processing and manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs), and are widely used in electronic products such as televisions, radios, computers, mobile phones, and communications.
The PCB board is the basic material of a PCB, commonly known as the substrate. Copper-clad laminate (CCL) is a substrate made by impregnating wood pulp paper or fiberglass cloth (as reinforcing material) with resin and then bonding it with single-sided or double-sided copper foil. Copper-clad laminates are fundamental materials in the electronics industry, primarily used in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs), and are widely used in electronic products such as televisions, radios, computers, mobile phones, and communication devices.
According to different classification standards, PCB circuit board materials are classified as follows:
According to the different mechanical rigidity of the copper-clad laminate, it is divided into rigid copper-clad laminate and flexible copper-clad laminate;
According to the insulating material and structure of the copper-clad laminate, it is divided into organic resin copper-clad laminate, metal-based copper-clad laminate, and ceramic-based copper-clad laminate;
According to the flame retardant rating, it is divided into flame retardant boards and non-flame retardant boards: According to the UL standard (UL94, UL746E, etc.), the flame retardant rating of rigid copper-clad laminates is divided into four different flame-retardant types: UL-94V0, UL-94V1, UL-94V2, and UL-94HB.
According to the thickness of the copper-clad laminate, it is divided into thick boards (thickness range 0.8~3.2mm, including Cu) and thin boards (thickness range less than 0.78mm, excluding Cu);
Copper foil boards can be divided into five types according to the different reinforcing materials of the board:
Paper-based; fiberglass cloth-based; composite-based (CEM series); layered multilayer board-based; special material-based (ceramic, metal core-based, etc.).
According to the different resins used as adhesives, PCB circuit board materials can be divided into:
(1) Commonly used paper-based CCIs include phenolic resin (XPc, XxxPC, FR-1, FR-2, etc.);
(2) Epoxy resin (FE-3)
(3) Polyester resin
(4) Other special resins (with fiberglass cloth, nylon, non-woven fabric, etc., as auxiliary materials):
①Bismaleimide-modified triazine resin (BT)
②Polyimide resin (PI)
③Diphenyl ether resin (PPO)
④Maleic anhydride imide-styrene resin (MS)
⑤Cyanate ester resin
⑥Polyolefin resin
According to the TG level, PCB circuit board materials can be divided into the following levels from low to high:
FR-4A1 level
This level is mainly used in military, communication, computer, digital circuit, industrial instrumentation, and automotive electronic products.
FR-4A2 level
This level of PCB circuit board material is mainly used in ordinary computers, instruments, high-end household appliances, and general electronic products. This series of copper-clad laminates is widely used, and its performance indicators can meet the needs of general industrial electronic products.
FR-4A3 level
This level of CCL is specifically developed for the home appliance industry, computer peripheral products, and general electronic products (such as toys, calculators, game consoles, etc.). Its characteristic is that it is cost-competitive while meeting the required performance.
FR-4AB level
This level is a unique low-end product. However, its performance indicators can still meet the needs of ordinary household appliances, computers, and general electronic products, and its price is quite competitive, with a good price-performance ratio.
FR-4B level
This level of board is a low-quality board with poor stability. It is not suitable for large-area circuit board products and is generally suitable for products with dimensions of 100mm x 200mm. It is inexpensive, but customers should exercise caution when choosing to use it.
CEM-3 series
This type of product has three base material colors: white, black, and natural. It is mainly used in computers, the LED industry, clocks and watches, general household appliances, and general electronic products (such as VCDs, DVDs, toys, game consoles, etc.). The main characteristics of its PCB circuit board material are good punching performance, suitable for large PCB products that require punching and forming processes. This series of products has three quality levels: A1, A2, and A3, which can be used by customers with different requirements.
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