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PCBA testing
Online Testing: Online testing is a commonly used testing method because it is fast and efficient. In online testing, the engineering team will configure a fixture with many sensor points aligned with specific functions on the circuit board. During this process, the fixture makes quick contact as the circuit board passes by, obtaining information about which points are not working.
PCBA testing is crucial for successful electronics manufacturing. Testing mitigates risks across multiple areas. It ensures product safety for consumers and compliance with certain quality standards.
Testing also helps reduce returns and costs associated with mass production issues. Furthermore, testing enables engineering teams to improve their overall manufacturing processes to meet future challenges.
PCBA testing should address the following issues:
Lamination quality: Maximizes PCBA lifespan
Copper quality: Improves proper conductivity and tensile strength
Material solderability: Ensures components are firmly attached to the circuit board
Hole wall quality: Prevents cracking or delamination of the hole walls
Leakage current: Ensures current can flow through the entire board
Environmental durability: Ensures the PCBA can withstand harsh environmental conditions
Cleanliness: Ensures the PCBA will not corrode and fail due to moisture
Common testing methods for these components include:
In-circuit testing: In-circuit testing is a common testing method because it is fast and efficient. In in-circuit testing, the engineering team will set up a fixture with many sensor points aligned with specific functionalities on the board. During this process, the fixture makes quick contact as the board passes through, obtaining information about which points are not working.
Fixtureless in-circuit testing/flying probe testing: Fixtureless testing requires the board to be secured in place, and the test probes move around to hit certain points. While more customizable, fixtureless testing is slower than traditional in-circuit testing. However, engineers are able to quickly change test points using software.
Functional circuit testing: Functional circuit testing focuses on ensuring the entire PCBA performs as expected. This test is performed in the final stages of the manufacturing process and typically grades the product on a pass/fail basis.
Boundary scan testing: When nodes cannot be reached through in-circuit or fixtureless testing, boundary scan testing allows engineers to test the traces on the PCBA. Boundary scan testing is particularly useful for multilayer, high-density PCBAs.
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